Glossary of Lichen Sclerosus Terms

Lichen Sclerosus is a complex and often misunderstood condition. Whether you’ve just received a diagnosis or you’ve been managing symptoms for years, it can be overwhelming to navigate the medical terminology. This glossary is designed to help you better understand the terms you may come across — in consultations, in research, or in your personal experience. Each definition is written in plain English, with links to relevant blog posts and treatment pages to help you explore further.
Helping you make sense of your symptoms — with clear, trusted explanations.

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We understand how overwhelming it can be to navigate this condition. Whether you’re dealing with vulval, penile or perianal symptoms, our team is here to help you feel confident and supported every step of the way.

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1. Adhesions

Tissue that sticks together abnormally, often forming between the labia in untreated or advanced cases. Can cause discomfort or block the vaginal opening.

2. Anogenital

Refers to the area involving both the anus and genitalia — the most common site for Lichen Sclerosus to appear.

3. Autoimmune Disorder

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body. Lichen Sclerosus is believed to have an autoimmune basis, particularly in women. Learn more in our blog: How I Cured My Lichen Sclerosus

4. Atrophy (Skin Atrophy)

Thinning of the skin often caused by inflammation or steroid overuse. Common in Lichen Sclerosus and results in fragile, tear-prone tissue.

5. Biopsy

A small tissue sample taken to confirm a diagnosis. Often performed if Lichen Sclerosus is suspected but not clinically clear.

6. Chronic Inflammatory Dermatosis

A skin condition that involves long-term inflammation. Lichen Sclerosus falls into this category due to its persistent and relapsing nature.

7. Clobetasol Propionate

A potent steroid cream often prescribed to control inflammation in Lichen Sclerosus. Long-term use must be monitored to avoid atrophy.

8. Dyspareunia

Painful sexual intercourse. In women with Lichen Sclerosus, this may result from skin thinning, scarring, or reduced elasticity. Explore our discreet treatment options

9. Ecchymosis

Bruising that occurs due to the fragile nature of skin affected by Lichen Sclerosus.

10. Erosions

Shallow ulcers or raw patches of skin caused by persistent inflammation. Can be painful and slow to heal.

11. Figure-of-Eight Pattern

A characteristic pattern of Lichen Sclerosus affecting the vulva and perianal area — shaped like a figure eight. Learn more about Lichen Sclerosus around the anus

12. Fissures

Painful cracks in the skin, especially around the vulva or anus. A common symptom that can worsen with scratching or intercourse. Understand more about vulval symptoms

13. Fusion (Labial Fusion)

The labia minora stick together due to scarring and inflammation. May partially or fully cover the vaginal opening.

14. Genital Dermatology

A specialised field focusing on skin conditions affecting the genital area, including Lichen Sclerosus. Read our blog on Genital Lichen Sclerosus Symptoms

15. Hypopigmentation

Loss of natural skin colour. Lichen Sclerosus typically causes pale or white patches on affected areas.

16. Hyperkeratosis

Thickening of the outer skin layer. In Lichen Sclerosus, this may appear as white, rough plaques on the vulva or penis. More on vulval Lichen Sclerosus

17. Itching (Pruritus)

The most common symptom — often severe and worse at night. Scratching can worsen the condition and cause fissures. Learn how we help manage this

18. Koebner Phenomenon

When trauma to the skin (like scratching) triggers new Lichen Sclerosus lesions in that area.

19. Lichenification

Skin that becomes thick, leathery, or hardened from repeated scratching. Often seen in chronic cases.

20. Loss of Vulval Architecture

Refers to scarring that causes flattening or disappearance of natural anatomical features, such as the labia minora or clitoral hood. Understand vulval changes

21. Morpheus8V

A non-surgical treatment combining microneedling and radiofrequency. Used at Elite Aesthetics to support skin regeneration in Lichen Sclerosus. Learn more

22. O-Shot®

A PRP-based injection that may improve symptoms like dryness, discomfort, and sexual dysfunction in women with Lichen Sclerosus. Discover the O-Shot®

23. Perianal Area

The skin surrounding the anus. Lichen Sclerosus often appears here, typically forming part of a figure-of-eight pattern with vulval involvement. Explore symptoms of Lichen Sclerosus around the anus

24. Phimosis

In men, scarring from Lichen Sclerosus may cause the foreskin to tighten and become difficult or painful to retract. Read more about penile Lichen Sclerosus and phimosis

25. Postmenopausal Lichen Sclerosus

Lichen Sclerosus is more common in postmenopausal women, potentially due to lower oestrogen levels and weakened skin barrier.

26. Recurrence

Even after treatment, Lichen Sclerosus can return or flare — particularly if steroid use is stopped too soon or improperly managed. More on vulval Lichen Sclerosus and recurrence

27. Scarring (Fibrosis)

A complication of untreated Lichen Sclerosus. May lead to narrowing of the vaginal, urethral, or anal openings.

28. Steroid Resistance

When symptoms no longer respond well to corticosteroid treatment. Alternative therapies like PRP and Morpheus8V may be considered. See our treatment approach

29. Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

The most common manifestation of the condition — causing white patches, pain, and itching on the external female genitalia. Read more about Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus

30. Vulvodynia

Chronic vulval pain with no clear cause. May overlap with Lichen Sclerosus in some patients, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Understand vulval discomfort

Here are some of the most common voice search questions patients ask about Lichen Sclerosus, along with brief, medically accurate answers:

General Understanding

• What is Lichen Sclerosus?
  Lichen Sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that most commonly affects the vulva or anus, causing white patches, thinning, and itching.
• How do you pronounce Lichen Sclerosus?
  It is pronounced: “Lie-ken skluh-ROW-sus.”
• Is Lichen Sclerosus an autoimmune disease?
  Yes, it’s widely believed to be autoimmune in nature, meaning the body attacks its own skin tissue.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus be cured?
  There’s no permanent cure, but treatment can control symptoms and prevent scarring.
• What causes Lichen Sclerosus?
  The exact cause is unknown, but it’s linked to autoimmune disorders, hormonal changes, and genetic factors.
• Is Lichen Sclerosus dangerous?
  It’s not life-threatening, but if left untreated it can cause serious scarring and increase cancer risk.
• Is Lichen Sclerosus contagious?
  No, it cannot be passed from person to person.

Symptoms & Signs

• What does Lichen Sclerosus look like?
  It typically appears as white, thin, shiny skin with possible tearing or cracking.
• Why is my vulva white and itchy?
  These are classic signs of Lichen Sclerosus and should be assessed by a specialist.
• What are the early signs of Lichen Sclerosus?
  Itching, soreness, white patches, or fragile skin in the genital or anal area.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus cause tearing?
  Yes, the skin can become so thin it cracks, especially during sex or wiping.
• Is it normal to have white patches down there?
  White patches on the vulva or anus should always be checked — they may indicate Lichen Sclerosus.
• What does Lichen Sclerosus feel like?
  It can feel itchy, tight, painful, or raw. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus cause pain during sex?
  Yes, due to skin fragility, tears, or scarring, intercourse may become painful.

Diagnosis

• How is Lichen Sclerosus diagnosed?
  Through a visual exam and, if needed, a biopsy to confirm diagnosis.
• Do I need a biopsy for Lichen Sclerosus?
  Not always — but it may be done if the diagnosis is uncertain or cancer is suspected.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus be seen on a camera?
  A specialist may use a colposcope to examine the skin in detail.
• Can my GP diagnose Lichen Sclerosus?
  Yes, though referral to a dermatologist or vulval specialist is often advised.
• How do I know if I have Lichen Sclerosus?
  See a doctor if you notice itching, soreness, or white patches in the genital/anal region.

Treatment & Management

• What is the best treatment for Lichen Sclerosus?
  Potent topical steroids are first-line; other options include PRP, the O-Shot®, or Morpheus8.
• How long do I need to use steroid cream for Lichen Sclerosus?
  Usually long-term. Maintenance use is often necessary to prevent flare-ups.
• What is the O-Shot for Lichen Sclerosus?
  A PRP-based regenerative treatment that helps improve tissue quality and reduce symptoms.
• Can Morpheus8 help Lichen Sclerosus?
  Yes, Morpheus8V can improve skin texture, tightness, and overall tissue health.
• Are there natural treatments for Lichen Sclerosus?
  Some use diet, emollients, or lifestyle changes, but these should not replace medical care.
• Can diet help Lichen Sclerosus?
  While it doesn’t cure LS, an anti-inflammatory diet may reduce flares in some individuals.
• What happens if I don’t treat Lichen Sclerosus?
  It can lead to severe scarring, narrowing of genital openings, and a higher cancer risk.

Areas Affected

• Can Lichen Sclerosus affect the anus?
  Yes, it often appears around the anus and may cause tears, pain, or itching.
• What does Lichen Sclerosus look like around the anus?
  White, shiny patches or thin skin that may crack and bleed.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus affect men?
  Yes, typically on the foreskin and glans — sometimes leading to phimosis.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus be internal?
  Yes, it can affect mucosal tissue inside the vulva or perianal skin.
• Is Lichen Sclerosus only on the vulva?
  No — while most common there, it can affect the penis, anus, or other areas.

Intimacy & Quality of Life

• Can I have sex with Lichen Sclerosus?
  Yes, but it may require treatment and modifications for comfort.
• Will sex make my Lichen Sclerosus worse?
  Not if well-managed, but rough sex may worsen symptoms or cause tears.
• Can I get pregnant with Lichen Sclerosus?
  Yes, Lichen Sclerosus does not affect fertility.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus affect intimacy?
  Absolutely. Pain, fear of symptoms, and body image can all play a role.
• Is Lichen Sclerosus a lifelong condition?
  In many cases, yes — though treatment can control symptoms long-term.

Emotional Impact & Support

• Does Lichen Sclerosus cause anxiety?
  Yes, many patients report stress, embarrassment, or body confidence issues.
• How do I cope with Lichen Sclerosus?
  Education, support groups, and compassionate care make a big difference.
• Is it normal to feel embarrassed by Lichen Sclerosus?
  Very — but you’re not alone. A good doctor will help you feel heard.
• Are there support groups for Lichen Sclerosus?
  Yes. Online and local groups exist, often through charities or Facebook.

Rare & Advanced Questions

• Can Lichen Sclerosus lead to vulval cancer?
  Rarely, but long-term untreated LS can slightly increase the risk.
• What’s the life expectancy with Lichen Sclerosus?
  Normal — it does not affect life expectancy.
• Can men get Lichen Sclerosus on the penis?
  Yes, and it can cause discomfort, scarring, and phimosis.
• Can Lichen Sclerosus cause phimosis?
  Yes, LS in men may cause the foreskin to tighten, requiring treatment.
• What does Lichen Sclerosus look like on darker skin?
  It may appear grey, purple, or slightly pale — diagnosis may be delayed if not recognised.

Private Treatment at Elite Aesthetics

• How does Dr Shirin treat Lichen Sclerosus?
  With a combination of evidence-based medicine and regenerative options like PRP and Morpheus8.
• What’s different about private Lichen Sclerosus treatment?
  More personalised care, better access to non-steroid therapies, and a discreet, supportive setting.
• Is the O-Shot better than steroids?
  It can be more sustainable for some, especially those who don’t respond to or tolerate steroids.
• Can I stop steroids if I use Morpheus8?
  Some patients reduce steroid use, but medical supervision is always advised.
• Does private treatment include PRP for Lichen Sclerosus?
  Yes, PRP is often used to encourage tissue regeneration and symptom relief.