Lichen Sclerosus vs. Vulvar Cancer: Clear Facts and Care Options

By Dr Shirin, Elite Aesthetics

Women often come to me with one fear: “If I have Lichen Sclerosus, is that the same as vulvar cancer?”. The short answer is no — these are two different conditions — but it’s natural to be concerned because they share certain symptoms. As a clinician and advocate for women’s wellbeing, I believe education dispels fear. In this post I explain what Lichen Sclerosus and vulvar cancer are, how to tell them apart, the small but real link between them, and what treatment options exist. I also share how our team at Elite Aesthetics in London can help you feel comfortable and confident about your vulvar health.

What Is Lichen Sclerosus?

Lichen Sclerosus (LS) is a chronic skin disorder that primarily affects the vulva, though it can occur on other parts of the body. Its exact cause remains unknown, but autoimmune factors and hormonal changes seem to play a role. Because the vulvar skin becomes fragile, LS may lead to:

• Thin, patchy, pale skin on the vulva
• Severe itching or burning sensations
• Painful cracks or sores that may bleed
• Scarring and tightening of the tissue over time

Menopause increases the risk because oestrogen levels drop, but LS can affect individuals of any age or gender. Family history, an over‑active immune system and hormone imbalances are recognised risk factors.

Why LS Isn’t Cancer

It’s important to underscore that Lichen Sclerosus is not cancer. LS is an inflammatory skin disease that causes white patches and discomfort; it doesn’t directly produce malignant cells. However, chronic inflammation and scarring can alter vulvar tissue over time, which is why monitoring is essential.

What Is Vulvar Cancer?

Vulvar cancer is a malignancy of the outer genital skin. Abnormal cells grow rapidly and form a tumour. Although vulvar cancer is rare, it requires prompt medical attention. Warning signs may include:

• A persistent sore, lump or ulcer that does not heal
• Burning or pain in the vulva
• Bleeding or unusual discharge
• Thickened, rough or darkened skin

Age is the strongest risk factor: most cases occur after age 60 or after menopause. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and a history of lichen sclerosus further increase risk.

Lichen Sclerosus vs. Vulvar Cancer: Key Differences

Because LS and vulvar cancer both occur on the vulva and can share symptoms like itching, soreness or skin changes, it can be confusing. To clarify:

• Nature of the condition: LS is a non‑cancerous inflammatory disorder; vulvar cancer involves uncontrolled malignant cell growth.
• Skin appearance: LS often causes white, thin, itchy patches that may scar. Vulvar cancer presents as persistent lumps, ulcers or darkened skin that bleeds or doesn’t heal.
• Pain: Both can cause burning and discomfort, but bleeding and non‑healing sores are more concerning for cancer.

Understanding these differences helps you notice when something has changed and when to seek medical advice.

Can Lichen Sclerosus Increase Cancer Risk?

Here’s where the connection lies: long‑standing, untreated Lichen Sclerosus slightly increases the risk of vulvar cancer. Studies show that roughly 4–5 % of women with LS develop vulvar cancer over time. That risk is much higher than in the general population but still low overall. Importantly, early diagnosis and management of LS can reduce the likelihood of cancer development. Risk factors that make progression more likely include:

• Untreated LS: chronic inflammation and scarring
• Skin damage: repeated injury or fissures
• HPV infection: the same virus associated with cervical cancer
• Immunosuppression: a weakened immune system

If you notice any new lumps, persistent ulcers or bleeding, contact a specialist immediately.

Want to hear a real‑life journey of resilience? Read our How I Cured My Lichen Sclerosus story for encouragement and perspective.

How to Tell Them Apart

Below is a quick reference table summarising typical signs of LS versus vulvar cancer. This is not a substitute for medical evaluation but can guide you on when to consult a practitioner.

If you have LS and notice any sudden change in appearance or pain pattern, especially bleeding, consult your doctor right away.

Diagnosis and Screening

Proper diagnosis ensures appropriate care. For suspected Lichen Sclerosus, a clinician will usually:

• Examine the vulvar skin closely
• Take a detailed medical history
• Perform a biopsy to rule out dysplasia or cancer

If vulvar cancer is suspected, the doctor may:

• Evaluate for visible lumps or sores
• Conduct a colposcopy (a magnified inspection of the vulva)
• Take a biopsy sample to confirm diagnosis

At Elite Aesthetics, we use state‑of‑the‑art magnification and biopsy techniques to catch any abnormalities early, ensuring you receive the correct treatment promptly.

Treatment Options

Managing Lichen Sclerosus

1. Topical Steroid or Hormone Creams: High‑potency steroids or oestrogen creams remain the first‑line therapy for LS. They reduce inflammation and help prevent scarring. Consistent use is key.
2. Medical‑Grade Moisturisers: Fragrance‑free moisturising ointments or emollients soothe itchy, dry skin and prevent cracks.
3. Advanced Energy‑Based Therapies: For patients seeking enhanced results, radiofrequency and microneedling devices are available. Treatments like Morpheus8 V deliver radiofrequency energy (and microneedling in the case of Morpheus8 V) to stimulate collagen, improve elasticity and support healing. These procedures are offered at Elite Aesthetics under clinical supervision, making them safe and comfortable.
4. O Shot – Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) – use your own bodies regenerative ability to tackle LS for longer term results.

To learn more about our comprehensive approach to managing this condition, visit our Lichen Sclerosus treatment page for detailed information on symptoms, diagnosis and tailored therapies.

Treating Vulvar Cancer

If a biopsy confirms cancer, treatment depends on stage and location:

1. Surgical Removal: The primary treatment involves removing cancerous tissue. Sometimes the surgeon removes part or all of the vulva and nearby lymph nodes.
2. Radiation Therapy: High‑energy beams target remaining cancer cells after surgery or shrink tumours before surgery.
3. Chemotherapy: Medications may be used to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing, either alone or in combination with surgery and radiation.

Early detection generally results in better outcomes. That’s why staying vigilant and attending follow‑up appointments matter.

Dr Shirin’s Advice: Caring for Your Vulvar Health

Living with vulvar discomfort can feel isolating — but you are not alone. My approach at Elite Aesthetics is to empower women with knowledge and the latest treatments. Here are my key takeaways:

• Listen to your body: Any persistent itching, burning, cracks or new lumps should be assessed promptly.
• Seek early treatment: Effective management of LS reduces symptoms and minimises long‑term risks.
• Don’t ignore the emotional impact: Vulvar conditions can affect your confidence and intimacy. We offer compassionate, confidential care tailored to your needs.
• Explore advanced therapies: Radiofrequency and microneedling treatments like FormaV and Morpheus8 V can rejuvenate vulvar skin and improve comfort.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

If you suspect Lichen Sclerosus or notice any of the vulvar cancer warning signs, I encourage you to schedule a private chat at Elite Aesthetics. We will:

• Discuss the options and potential results as well as answer any questions you may have.
• Create a personalised treatment plan combining topical therapies, moisturisers, and cutting‑edge radiofrequency or microneedling treatments for Lichen Sclerosus.
• Guide you on specialist referrals if cancer is detected and support you through follow‑up care.

Protecting your vulvar health is an act of self‑care. Call Elite Aesthetics today to book your appointment with me, Dr Shirin, and take control of your wellbeing. Our discretely located clinic near London specialises in women’s wellness, and we’re here to support you every step of the way.